Indicator Climate

Topic Core indicator DPSIR Main topic
Climate Pressure

CO2 Emissions from thermal and motor fuels

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main man-made greenhouse gas. It is generated primarily when fossil fuels such as heating oil and natural gas (thermal fuels) or petrol and diesel (motor fuels) are burnt.

Assessment of the state
medium medium
Assessment of the trend
unsatisfactory unsatisfactory
Upper threshold 2 for CO2 levy on thermal fuels 2016: 17.7907191249667 Upper threshold 2 for CO2 levy on thermal fuels 2014: 18.2588959440447 lower threshold 1 for CO2 levy on thermal fuels 2020: 15.6839234391153 lower threshold 1 for CO2 levy on thermal fuels 2016: 17.0884538963496 lower threshold 1 for CO2 levy on thermal fuels 2014: 17.7907191249667 lower threshold 1 for CO2 levy on thermal fuels 2012: 18.4929843535838 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2024: 13.1519238615868 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2023: 13.6776650835135 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2022: 14.999048594433 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2021: 15.7596208667793 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2020: 16.1177926456186 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2019: 16.4356584859067 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2018: 16.7964508972062 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2017: 17.2067483568096 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2016: 17.5434273322009 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2015: 17.8607109092042 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2014: 18.3618675417869 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2013: 18.8617833938332 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2012: 19.2037829636738 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2011: 19.5423799636829 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2010: 20.0811472629724 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2009: 20.3646780753515 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2008: 20.8746968049167 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2007: 21.4736909115407 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2006: 21.8705547073956 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2005: 22.058141716677 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2004: 22.3323348528843 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2003: 22.1825050824148 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2002: 22.3779018980003 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2001: 22.7431760327274 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 2000: 22.4615488922056 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 1999: 22.2263879566919 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 1998: 23.2117435637386 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 1997: 22.7394923442782 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 1996: 21.8724337824029 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 1995: 22.7024598374676 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 1994: 22.9309962146956 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 1993: 22.6555635646011 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 1992: 23.8486416497727 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 1991: 23.2508647438026 Emissions from thermal fuels (corrected for weather conditions), in million tons CO2 1990: 23.4088409539035 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2024: 14.3383066029267 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2023: 14.6471498410794 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2022: 14.6285919671085 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2021: 14.7942401580421 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2020: 14.6190636288585 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2019: 15.9160207826268 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2018: 15.9758363450445 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2017: 15.9776416016613 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2016: 16.2558038701862 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2015: 16.4203641381638 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2014: 17.1565596634911 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2013: 17.2588719502339 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2012: 17.3479221114686 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2011: 17.2257506474256 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2010: 17.4180824090956 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2009: 17.5154559103021 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2008: 17.7069307676297 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2007: 17.3555841671815 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2006: 17.0309440384436 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2005: 16.8934800108575 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2004: 16.8093249028498 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2003: 16.683564657923 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2002: 16.5141357914757 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2001: 16.5596495324834 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 2000: 16.8366001035857 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 1999: 16.5687516162547 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 1998: 15.9637673451834 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 1997: 15.7366415624861 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 1996: 15.1603917701407 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 1995: 15.1005792539885 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 1994: 15.3994934656675 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 1993: 15.2168569291594 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 1992: 16.2585739813518 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 1991: 15.9291182846388 Emissions from motor fuels, in million tons CO2 1990: 15.4491830788727

Data for the graph: Excel
Source: FOEN
CO2 levy for fossil thermal fuels 2024: 120 CO2 levy for fossil thermal fuels 2023: 120 CO2 levy for fossil thermal fuels 2022: 120 CO2 levy for fossil thermal fuels 2021: 96 CO2 levy for fossil thermal fuels 2020: 96 CO2 levy for fossil thermal fuels 2019: 96 CO2 levy for fossil thermal fuels 2018: 96 CO2 levy for fossil thermal fuels 2017: 84 CO2 levy for fossil thermal fuels 2016: 84 CO2 levy for fossil thermal fuels 2015: 60 CO2 levy for fossil thermal fuels 2014: 60 CO2 levy for fossil thermal fuels 2013: 36 CO2 levy for fossil thermal fuels 2012: 36 CO2 levy for fossil thermal fuels 2011: 36 CO2 levy for fossil thermal fuels 2010: 36 CO2 levy for fossil thermal fuels 2009: 12 CO2 levy for fossil thermal fuels 2008: 12

Data for the graph: Excel
Source: BAFU
Comment

The CO2 levy for fossil thermal fuels is an important instrument for achieving international and national emissions targets. The CO2 levy rate is raised when degree-day-adjusted CO2 emissions from thermal fuels exceed the stipulated threshold values. This way, the CO2 levy was raised in January 2014 from 36 to 60 francs per ton of CO2, in January 2016 to 84 francs per ton of CO2, in January 2018 to 96 francs per ton of CO2 and in January 2022 to 120 francs per ton of CO2. At the moment, legislation does not foresee to further increase the CO2 levy.

In 2024, the CO2 emissions from thermal fuels, corrected for weather conditions, decreased once again. Compared to 1990, the emissions decreased by 44 percent, compared to the previous year the decrease amounts to 3.8 percent. This reduction can, to a large degree, be attributed to increased energy efficiency in buildings and an increased use of renewable energy for heating. The increased efforts of the cantons contribute significantly to this. However, the majority of buildings in Switzerland (responsible for around three quarters of CO2 emissions from fuels) are still heated with fossil oil or natural gas. 

In 2024, the CO2 emissions from motor fuels also fell compared with the previous year, by 2.1 per cent. As a result, emissions have not returned to the levels seen in 2019, i.e. before the COVID-19 pandemic. The reasons include a change in mobility behaviour (more home office and fewer business trips) and the growing share of electromobility and biogenic fuels. Overall, emissions have fallen by 7% compared with 1990 (the reference year).

The state is evaluated as medium and the development as unsatisfactory. The reduction of the CO2 emissions from motor fuels is insufficient in view of the indicative value for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transport (- 25% by 2030, compared to 1990 levels). The indicative value refers to all greenhouse gases. However, CO2 emissions are dominant in transport, and most fuel is consumed in the transport sector.

International comparison

CO2 emissions based on CO2 statistics make up only a portion of the greenhouse gas emissions that are reported in accordance with the CO2 Act and the Paris Agreement. For an international comparison, please refer to the “Greenhouse gas emissions per inhabitant” indicator. 

Method

The energy-related CO2 emissions shown here according to the CO2 statistics include all CO2 emissions from motor fuels as well as the CO2 emissions from thermal fuels that are relevant for the CO2 levy, corrected for weather conditions.
 
Energy-related CO2 emissions based on CO2 statistics are calculated by adding up the individual emissions from fossil motor and thermal fuels. These are calculated as follows: emission = annual activity * emission factor. The annual activity rate captures the magnitude of an activity, which in this case is the annual consumption of a thermal fuel (e.g. heating oil, gas) or a motor fuel (e.g. diesel oil, gasoline, kerosene, aviation gasoline). In this calculation, an adjustment for degree days and solar radiation is made for the thermal emissions in order to account for the influence of fluctuations in weather conditions. Source: Overall energy statistics (Swiss Federal Office of Energy).
 
The full time series is recalculated in the event of changes to the methodology, improvements to the available source data or corrections.

 
Last updated on: 10.07.2025

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