Indicator Climate

Topic Core indicator DPSIR Main topic
Climate State
Biodiversity Drivers
Water Drivers

Evolution of annual mean temperature

The combustion of coal, gas and oil, together with forest logging and large-scale livestock farming, are the main causes of the rise in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere that has been observed for several decades and the associated warming. Higher temperatures, even if only by a few degrees Celsius, have wide-ranging impacts upon natural systems and human societies.

Assessment of the state
impossible to evaluate impossible to evaluate
Assessment of the trend
negative negative
20-years weighted mean 2014: 1.54 20-years weighted mean 2013: 1.44 20-years weighted mean 2012: 1.35 20-years weighted mean 2011: 1.27 20-years weighted mean 2010: 1.21 20-years weighted mean 2009: 1.17 20-years weighted mean 2008: 1.14 20-years weighted mean 2007: 1.13 20-years weighted mean 2006: 1.12 20-years weighted mean 2005: 1.12 20-years weighted mean 2004: 1.12 20-years weighted mean 2003: 1.12 20-years weighted mean 2002: 1.1 20-years weighted mean 2001: 1.09 20-years weighted mean 2000: 1.05 20-years weighted mean 1999: 1.01 20-years weighted mean 1998: 0.97 20-years weighted mean 1997: 0.94 20-years weighted mean 1996: 0.92 20-years weighted mean 1995: 0.91 20-years weighted mean 1994: 0.89 20-years weighted mean 1993: 0.87 20-years weighted mean 1992: 0.84 20-years weighted mean 1991: 0.8 20-years weighted mean 1990: 0.74 20-years weighted mean 1989: 0.65 20-years weighted mean 1988: 0.54 20-years weighted mean 1987: 0.44 20-years weighted mean 1986: 0.33 20-years weighted mean 1985: 0.24 20-years weighted mean 1984: 0.16 20-years weighted mean 1983: 0.09 20-years weighted mean 1982: 0.04 20-years weighted mean 1981: -0.01 20-years weighted mean 1980: -0.04 20-years weighted mean 1979: -0.07 20-years weighted mean 1978: -0.09 20-years weighted mean 1977: -0.1 20-years weighted mean 1976: -0.11 20-years weighted mean 1975: -0.12 20-years weighted mean 1974: -0.14 20-years weighted mean 1973: -0.16 20-years weighted mean 1972: -0.18 20-years weighted mean 1971: -0.2 20-years weighted mean 1970: -0.22 20-years weighted mean 1969: -0.23 20-years weighted mean 1968: -0.24 20-years weighted mean 1967: -0.23 20-years weighted mean 1966: -0.23 20-years weighted mean 1965: -0.21 20-years weighted mean 1964: -0.19 20-years weighted mean 1963: -0.16 20-years weighted mean 1962: -0.13 20-years weighted mean 1961: -0.1 20-years weighted mean 1960: -0.08 20-years weighted mean 1959: -0.09 20-years weighted mean 1958: -0.11 20-years weighted mean 1957: -0.13 20-years weighted mean 1956: -0.14 20-years weighted mean 1955: -0.13 20-years weighted mean 1954: -0.08 20-years weighted mean 1953: -0.01 20-years weighted mean 1952: 0.08 20-years weighted mean 1951: 0.18 20-years weighted mean 1950: 0.27 20-years weighted mean 1949: 0.33 20-years weighted mean 1948: 0.34 20-years weighted mean 1947: 0.32 20-years weighted mean 1946: 0.25 20-years weighted mean 1945: 0.15 20-years weighted mean 1944: 0.02 20-years weighted mean 1943: -0.1 20-years weighted mean 1942: -0.2 20-years weighted mean 1941: -0.29 20-years weighted mean 1940: -0.34 20-years weighted mean 1939: -0.36 20-years weighted mean 1938: -0.36 20-years weighted mean 1937: -0.34 20-years weighted mean 1936: -0.31 20-years weighted mean 1935: -0.29 20-years weighted mean 1934: -0.27 20-years weighted mean 1933: -0.26 20-years weighted mean 1932: -0.24 20-years weighted mean 1931: -0.22 20-years weighted mean 1930: -0.21 20-years weighted mean 1929: -0.19 20-years weighted mean 1928: -0.18 20-years weighted mean 1927: -0.18 20-years weighted mean 1926: -0.19 20-years weighted mean 1925: -0.21 20-years weighted mean 1924: -0.22 20-years weighted mean 1923: -0.25 20-years weighted mean 1922: -0.28 20-years weighted mean 1921: -0.32 20-years weighted mean 1920: -0.37 20-years weighted mean 1919: -0.42 20-years weighted mean 1918: -0.48 20-years weighted mean 1917: -0.53 20-years weighted mean 1916: -0.56 20-years weighted mean 1915: -0.58 20-years weighted mean 1914: -0.6 20-years weighted mean 1913: -0.61 20-years weighted mean 1912: -0.63 20-years weighted mean 1911: -0.65 20-years weighted mean 1910: -0.67 20-years weighted mean 1909: -0.69 20-years weighted mean 1908: -0.7 20-years weighted mean 1907: -0.7 20-years weighted mean 1906: -0.68 20-years weighted mean 1905: -0.65 20-years weighted mean 1904: -0.62 20-years weighted mean 1903: -0.58 20-years weighted mean 1902: -0.54 20-years weighted mean 1901: -0.5 20-years weighted mean 1900: -0.46 20-years weighted mean 1899: -0.45 20-years weighted mean 1898: -0.47 20-years weighted mean 1897: -0.51 20-years weighted mean 1896: -0.56 20-years weighted mean 1895: -0.64 20-years weighted mean 1894: -0.73 20-years weighted mean 1893: -0.82 20-years weighted mean 1892: -0.91 20-years weighted mean 1891: -0.99 20-years weighted mean 1890: -1.04 20-years weighted mean 1889: -1.07 20-years weighted mean 1888: -1.05 20-years weighted mean 1887: -1.01 20-years weighted mean 1886: -0.95 20-years weighted mean 1885: -0.88 20-years weighted mean 1884: -0.82 20-years weighted mean 1883: -0.78 20-years weighted mean 1882: -0.75 20-years weighted mean 1881: -0.73 20-years weighted mean 1880: -0.72 20-years weighted mean 1879: -0.72 20-years weighted mean 1878: -0.71 20-years weighted mean 1877: -0.69 20-years weighted mean 1876: -0.67 20-years weighted mean 1875: -0.65 20-years weighted mean 1874: -0.62 20-years weighted mean 1873: -0.61 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2022: 2.83 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2021: 1.06 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2020: 2.28 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2019: 1.92 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2018: 2.3 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2017: 1.61 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2016: 1.5 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2015: 2.1 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2014: 1.94 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2013: 0.69 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2012: 1.24 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2011: 2.04 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2010: 0.1 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2009: 1.23 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2008: 1.04 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2007: 1.49 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2006: 1.37 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2005: 0.42 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2004: 0.82 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2003: 1.66 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2002: 1.5 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2001: 0.88 Years above the average of 1961–1990 2000: 1.41 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1999: 0.8 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1998: 0.88 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1997: 1.27 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1996: 0.05 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1995: 0.62 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1994: 1.81 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1993: 0.6 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1992: 1.15 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1991: 0.4 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1990: 1.13 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1989: 1.27 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1988: 0.78 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1987: 0.11 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1986: 0.04 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1985: -0.21 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1984: -0.46 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1983: 0.77 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1982: 0.65 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1981: -0.09 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1980: -0.73 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1979: -0.14 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1978: -0.42 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1977: 0.16 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1976: 0.05 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1975: 0.17 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1974: -0.09 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1973: -0.32 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1972: -0.34 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1971: 0.04 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1970: -0.5 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1969: -0.5 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1968: -0.23 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1967: 0.13 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1966: 0.06 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1965: -0.89 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1964: 0.35 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1963: -0.87 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1962: -0.87 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1961: 0.95 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1960: -0.16 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1959: 0.7 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1958: 0.08 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1957: 0.22 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1956: -1.48 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1955: -0.39 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1954: -0.54 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1953: 0.32 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1952: -0.15 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1951: 0.14 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1950: 0.45 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1949: 0.85 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1948: 0.7 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1947: 1.04 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1946: 0.16 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1945: 0.33 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1944: -0.63 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1943: 0.68 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1942: -0.27 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1941: -1.03 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1940: -1.12 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1939: -0.54 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1938: -0.17 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1937: -0.01 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1936: -0.18 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1935: -0.55 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1934: 0.55 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1933: -0.75 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1932: -0.31 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1931: -0.87 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1930: 0.33 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1929: -0.46 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1928: 0.28 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1927: -0.07 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1926: 0.16 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1925: -0.55 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1924: -0.51 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1923: -0.17 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1922: -0.89 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1921: 0.65 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1920: 0.49 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1919: -1.22 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1918: -0.25 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1917: -1.28 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1916: -0.45 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1915: -0.81 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1914: -0.64 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1913: -0.26 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1912: -0.81 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1911: 0.27 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1910: -0.9 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1909: -1.37 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1908: -0.8 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1907: -0.66 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1906: -0.68 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1905: -1 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1904: 0.01 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1903: -0.67 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1902: -0.74 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1901: -1.17 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1900: -0.07 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1899: 0.04 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1898: 0.16 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1897: -0.12 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1896: -1.27 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1895: -0.9 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1894: -0.56 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1893: -0.31 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1892: -0.64 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1891: -1.33 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1890: -1.43 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1889: -1.55 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1888: -1.34 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1887: -1.62 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1886: -0.61 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1885: -0.48 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1884: -0.37 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1883: -1.12 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1882: -0.5 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1881: -0.58 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1880: -0.08 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1879: -1.73 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1878: -1.05 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1877: -0.51 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1876: -0.35 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1875: -0.73 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1874: -0.78 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1873: -0.17 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1872: 0.1 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1871: -1.5 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1870: -1.22 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1869: -0.55 Years above the average of 1961–1990 1868: 0.22 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1867: -0.52 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1866: 0 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1865: -0.17 Years below the average of 1961–1990 1864: -1.42
Variations from the average of 1961–1990, in °C

Data for the graph: Excel
Source: MeteoSwiss
Annual mean temperature 2022: 7.41 Annual mean temperature 2021: 5.63 Annual mean temperature 2020: 6.86 Annual mean temperature 2019: 6.49 Annual mean temperature 2018: 6.88 Annual mean temperature 2017: 6.19 Annual mean temperature 2016: 6.07 Annual mean temperature 2015: 6.67 Annual mean temperature 2014: 6.51 Annual mean temperature 2013: 5.27 Annual mean temperature 2012: 5.82 Annual mean temperature 2011: 6.62 Annual mean temperature 2010: 4.68 Annual mean temperature 2009: 5.8 Annual mean temperature 2008: 5.61 Annual mean temperature 2007: 6.06 Annual mean temperature 2006: 5.95 Annual mean temperature 2005: 4.99 Annual mean temperature 2004: 5.4 Annual mean temperature 2003: 6.24 Annual mean temperature 2002: 6.08 Annual mean temperature 2001: 5.46 Annual mean temperature 2000: 5.99 Annual mean temperature 1999: 5.37 Annual mean temperature 1998: 5.46 Annual mean temperature 1997: 5.85 Annual mean temperature 1996: 4.63 Annual mean temperature 1995: 5.2 Annual mean temperature 1994: 6.38 Annual mean temperature 1993: 5.18 Annual mean temperature 1992: 5.73 Annual mean temperature 1991: 4.98 Annual mean temperature 1990: 5.7 Annual mean temperature 1989: 5.85 Annual mean temperature 1988: 5.35 Annual mean temperature 1987: 4.69 Annual mean temperature 1986: 4.61 Annual mean temperature 1985: 4.36 Annual mean temperature 1984: 4.12 Annual mean temperature 1983: 5.34 Annual mean temperature 1982: 5.22 Annual mean temperature 1981: 4.48 Annual mean temperature 1980: 3.85 Annual mean temperature 1979: 4.43 Annual mean temperature 1978: 4.15 Annual mean temperature 1977: 4.74 Annual mean temperature 1976: 4.62 Annual mean temperature 1975: 4.75 Annual mean temperature 1974: 4.49 Annual mean temperature 1973: 4.25 Annual mean temperature 1972: 4.24 Annual mean temperature 1971: 4.62 Annual mean temperature 1970: 4.07 Annual mean temperature 1969: 4.08 Annual mean temperature 1968: 4.34 Annual mean temperature 1967: 4.71 Annual mean temperature 1966: 4.64 Annual mean temperature 1965: 3.68 Annual mean temperature 1964: 4.93 Annual mean temperature 1963: 3.71 Annual mean temperature 1962: 3.7 Annual mean temperature 1961: 5.53 Annual mean temperature 1960: 4.42 Annual mean temperature 1959: 5.28 Annual mean temperature 1958: 4.66 Annual mean temperature 1957: 4.79 Annual mean temperature 1956: 3.1 Annual mean temperature 1955: 4.19 Annual mean temperature 1954: 4.03 Annual mean temperature 1953: 4.9 Annual mean temperature 1952: 4.42 Annual mean temperature 1951: 4.72 Annual mean temperature 1950: 5.03 Annual mean temperature 1949: 5.43 Annual mean temperature 1948: 5.28 Annual mean temperature 1947: 5.61 Annual mean temperature 1946: 4.74 Annual mean temperature 1945: 4.91 Annual mean temperature 1944: 3.95 Annual mean temperature 1943: 5.26 Annual mean temperature 1942: 4.3 Annual mean temperature 1941: 3.55 Annual mean temperature 1940: 3.45 Annual mean temperature 1939: 4.03 Annual mean temperature 1938: 4.41 Annual mean temperature 1937: 4.57 Annual mean temperature 1936: 4.39 Annual mean temperature 1935: 4.02 Annual mean temperature 1934: 5.13 Annual mean temperature 1933: 3.83 Annual mean temperature 1932: 4.27 Annual mean temperature 1931: 3.7 Annual mean temperature 1930: 4.91 Annual mean temperature 1929: 4.11 Annual mean temperature 1928: 4.85 Annual mean temperature 1927: 4.51 Annual mean temperature 1926: 4.74 Annual mean temperature 1925: 4.03 Annual mean temperature 1924: 4.06 Annual mean temperature 1923: 4.41 Annual mean temperature 1922: 3.69 Annual mean temperature 1921: 5.23 Annual mean temperature 1920: 5.06 Annual mean temperature 1919: 3.36 Annual mean temperature 1918: 4.33 Annual mean temperature 1917: 3.3 Annual mean temperature 1916: 4.13 Annual mean temperature 1915: 3.76 Annual mean temperature 1914: 3.94 Annual mean temperature 1913: 4.31 Annual mean temperature 1912: 3.76 Annual mean temperature 1911: 4.84 Annual mean temperature 1910: 3.68 Annual mean temperature 1909: 3.2 Annual mean temperature 1908: 3.77 Annual mean temperature 1907: 3.91 Annual mean temperature 1906: 3.89 Annual mean temperature 1905: 3.57 Annual mean temperature 1904: 4.58 Annual mean temperature 1903: 3.9 Annual mean temperature 1902: 3.83 Annual mean temperature 1901: 3.4 Annual mean temperature 1900: 4.5 Annual mean temperature 1899: 4.61 Annual mean temperature 1898: 4.74 Annual mean temperature 1897: 4.46 Annual mean temperature 1896: 3.31 Annual mean temperature 1895: 3.68 Annual mean temperature 1894: 4.02 Annual mean temperature 1893: 4.27 Annual mean temperature 1892: 3.94 Annual mean temperature 1891: 3.24 Annual mean temperature 1890: 3.15 Annual mean temperature 1889: 3.02 Annual mean temperature 1888: 3.24 Annual mean temperature 1887: 2.96 Annual mean temperature 1886: 3.96 Annual mean temperature 1885: 4.1 Annual mean temperature 1884: 4.2 Annual mean temperature 1883: 3.46 Annual mean temperature 1882: 4.07 Annual mean temperature 1881: 3.99 Annual mean temperature 1880: 4.5 Annual mean temperature 1879: 2.85 Annual mean temperature 1878: 3.53 Annual mean temperature 1877: 4.06 Annual mean temperature 1876: 4.23 Annual mean temperature 1875: 3.85 Annual mean temperature 1874: 3.79 Annual mean temperature 1873: 4.4 Annual mean temperature 1872: 4.67 Annual mean temperature 1871: 3.08 Annual mean temperature 1870: 3.36 Annual mean temperature 1869: 4.03 Annual mean temperature 1868: 4.8 Annual mean temperature 1867: 4.06 Annual mean temperature 1866: 4.58 Annual mean temperature 1865: 4.41 Annual mean temperature 1864: 3.16
Annual mean temperature in °C

Data for the graph: Excel
Source: MeteoSwiss
Comment

The annual mean temperature in Switzerland is subject to relatively large natural fluctuations. Since around 1950, however, the observed fluctuations can no longer be explained by natural factors alone. The rising concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere caused by humans has contributed substantially to the observed warming. Temperatures in Switzerland have increased by 2°C since measurements began. The year 2022 was the warmest since measurements began in 1864. It thus continues the strong warming trend of recent years.

The variations of the annual mean temperature from the average of 1961-1990 cannot be rated positively or negatively as such. However, the trend observed over the past decades gives cause for concern. The changes to the climatic setting are happening relatively rapidly; as a result, ecosystems and endangered sectors of the economy (such as winter tourism) are unable or have difficulty to adjust to the new conditions.

International comparison

The Swiss temperature measurement series have been produced in accordance with internationally standardised methods. Globally, annual mean temperature variation since 1864 is about 1 °C, while it is around 2 °C in Switzerland. Global warming is more pronounced over the continents than over the oceans.

A global rise by 2 °C above the pre-industrialisation level is considered to be a critical threshold. If this threshold is crossed, severe ecological, social and economic damage is likely. In view of the longer-term development trends in greenhouse gas emissions and the great inertia of the climate system, it is becoming increasingly probable that global temperatures will indeed cross the 2 °C threshold.

Method

With its ground-level observation system (SwissMetNet), the Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss) records a range of meteorological and climatological parameters across the entire territory of the country. The annual mean temperature for Switzerland describes the average temperature measured across the entire territory and at the different altitudes in Switzerland. High-resolution data are available from 1981. In order to extend the time series back to 1864 (beginning of records), the various measurement stations for the specified years are weighted on the basis of their representativity.

 
Last updated on: 11.04.2023

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